The Archive

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561 works of pan-African thought.

The Middle Passage
1990
Charles Johnson

Freed slave Rutherford Calhoun stows away on slave ship, blending adventure with philosophy.

DiasporaFiction
Oxherding Tale
1982
Charles Johnson

Philosophical slave narrative following Andrew Hawkins from slavery to passing as white.

DiasporaFiction
White Teeth
2000
Zadie Smith

Three families in multicultural North London over several decades, exploring immigration and identity.

DiasporaFiction
On Beauty
2005
Zadie Smith

Two academic families in New England navigate race, politics, and aesthetics.

DiasporaFiction
Swing Time
2016
Zadie Smith

Two brown girls in London dream of becoming dancers, exploring friendship, race, and ambition.

DiasporaFiction
Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral
1773
Phillis Wheatley

First book of poetry published by an African American, written while Wheatley was enslaved in Boston.

DiasporaPoetry
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave
1845
Frederick Douglass

Douglass's first autobiography detailing his life as a slave and his escape to freedom, becoming a powerful abolitionist text.

DiasporaAutobiography
My Bondage and My Freedom
1855
Frederick Douglass

Douglass's expanded second autobiography with deeper analysis of slavery and his development as an intellectual.

DiasporaAutobiography
Life and Times of Frederick Douglass
1881
Frederick Douglass

Final autobiography covering Douglass's entire life including post-Civil War period and diplomatic career.

DiasporaAutobiography
Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl
1861
Harriet Jacobs

Jacobs's account of her life as a slave and her escape, focusing on sexual exploitation of enslaved women.

DiasporaAutobiography
The Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey
1923
Marcus Garvey (compiled by Amy Jacques Garvey)

Collection of Garvey's speeches, essays, and philosophy on Black nationalism and African redemption.

DiasporaPolitical Philosophy
Garvey and Garveyism
1963
Amy Jacques Garvey

Amy Jacques Garvey's account of the Garvey movement and her husband's legacy in Pan-African thought.

DiasporaBiography
Pan-Africanism or Communism?
1956
George Padmore

Padmore's analysis of Pan-Africanism as alternative to Communism for African liberation.

CaribbeanPolitical Philosophy
How Britain Rules Africa
1936
George Padmore

Exposé of British colonial exploitation across Africa.

CaribbeanPolitical Philosophy
History of the Pan-African Congress
1947
George Padmore (editor)

Official record of the 1945 Manchester Pan-African Congress that launched African independence movements.

CaribbeanPolitical Document
Capitalism and Slavery
1944
Eric Williams

Groundbreaking thesis that British industrial capitalism was funded by profits from the slave trade.

CaribbeanHistory
The Negro in the Caribbean
1942
Eric Williams

Analysis of Black life and labor in the Caribbean under colonial rule.

CaribbeanHistory
From Columbus to Castro: The History of the Caribbean
1970
Eric Williams

Comprehensive history of the Caribbean from colonization to modern independence movements.

CaribbeanHistory
British Historians and the West Indies
1964
Eric Williams

Critique of how British historians distorted Caribbean history to justify colonialism.

CaribbeanHistory
Beyond a Boundary
1963
C.L.R. James

Memoir combining cricket, colonial politics, and Caribbean identity; 'What do they know of cricket who only cricket know?'

CaribbeanMemoir
Mariners, Renegades and Castaways
1953
C.L.R. James

Study of Melville's Moby Dick as allegory for American totalitarianism, written while James was detained on Ellis Island.

CaribbeanLiterary Criticism
Notes on Dialectics
1948
C.L.R. James

James's engagement with Hegel's dialectics and their application to revolutionary politics.

CaribbeanPhilosophy
I, Tituba, Black Witch of Salem
1986
Maryse Condé

Novel giving voice to Tituba, the enslaved woman accused of witchcraft in Salem, exploring slavery and Black womanhood.

CaribbeanFiction
Segu
1984
Maryse Condé

Epic novel following a Bambara family in 18th-19th century Mali through Islam's spread and slave trade.

CaribbeanFiction
The Hills of Hebron
1962
Sylvia Wynter

Novel about a Jamaican religious community and its charismatic leader, exploring colonialism and resistance.

CaribbeanFiction
Unsettling the Coloniality of Being/Power/Truth/Freedom
2003
Sylvia Wynter

Essay interrogating how Western humanism excluded colonized peoples from the category of 'human'.

CaribbeanPhilosophy
I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings
1969
Maya Angelou

First of seven autobiographies chronicling Angelou's childhood in the segregated South and her coming of age.

DiasporaAutobiography
And Still I Rise
1978
Maya Angelou

Poetry collection including the iconic title poem celebrating Black resilience and triumph.

DiasporaPoetry
Phenomenal Woman
1978
Maya Angelou

Poem celebrating Black womanhood and female confidence, rejecting conventional beauty standards.

DiasporaPoetry
Gather Together in My Name
1974
Maya Angelou

Second autobiography covering Angelou's young adult years as single mother navigating post-WWII America.

DiasporaAutobiography
On the Pulse of Morning
1993
Maya Angelou

Poem written for President Clinton's inauguration, calling for unity and facing history honestly.

DiasporaPoetry
A Street in Bronzeville
1945
Gwendolyn Brooks

First poetry collection depicting everyday life of Black residents in Chicago's South Side.

DiasporaPoetry
Annie Allen
1949
Gwendolyn Brooks

Poetry sequence following Annie Allen from childhood to womanhood in Chicago.

DiasporaPoetry
Maud Martha
1953
Gwendolyn Brooks

Novel-in-vignettes following a Black woman's ordinary life in Chicago, examining colorism and dignity.

DiasporaFiction
We Real Cool
1960
Gwendolyn Brooks

Short poem about seven pool players at the Golden Shovel, capturing young Black male life and mortality.

DiasporaPoetry
Black Feeling, Black Talk
1968
Nikki Giovanni

Radical poetry collection establishing Giovanni as voice of Black Arts Movement.

DiasporaPoetry
Black Judgement
1968
Nikki Giovanni

Militant poetry collection addressing Black power and revolutionary consciousness.

DiasporaPoetry
Ego Tripping and Other Poems for Young People
1973
Nikki Giovanni

Poetry for young readers including the iconic 'Ego Tripping' celebrating Black women's power.

DiasporaPoetry
The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man
1912
James Weldon Johnson

Novel about a light-skinned Black man who passes as white, exploring racial identity and 'passing'.

DiasporaFiction
God's Trombones: Seven Negro Sermons in Verse
1927
James Weldon Johnson

Poetic renditions of traditional Black folk sermons capturing oratory power of Black preachers.

DiasporaPoetry
Black Manhattan
1930
James Weldon Johnson

History of African Americans in New York City from colonial times through the Harlem Renaissance.

DiasporaHistory
Blues People: Negro Music in White America
1963
Amiri Baraka (LeRoi Jones)

Groundbreaking history of African-American music as expression of Black American experience.

DiasporaMusic History
Dutchman
1964
Amiri Baraka (LeRoi Jones)

One-act play about violent confrontation between Black intellectual and white woman on subway.

DiasporaDrama
The Dead Lecturer
1964
Amiri Baraka (LeRoi Jones)

Poetry collection marking Baraka's transition from Beat poet to Black nationalist voice.

DiasporaPoetry
Ain't I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism
1981
bell hooks

Examination of sexism's impact on Black women during slavery through modern feminism's failures.

DiasporaFeminist Theory
Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center
1984
bell hooks

Critique of mainstream feminism's exclusion of women of color and working-class women.

DiasporaFeminist Theory
Talking Back: Thinking Feminist, Thinking Black
1989
bell hooks

Essays on coming to voice as Black feminist intellectual, challenging white supremacy and patriarchy.

DiasporaEssay
Black Looks: Race and Representation
1992
bell hooks

Analysis of how Black people are represented in media and the 'oppositional gaze'.

DiasporaCultural Criticism
All About Love: New Visions
2000
bell hooks

Exploration of love as practice and political force, defining love through care, commitment, trust.

DiasporaPhilosophy
Women, Race & Class
1981
Angela Davis

Historical analysis of racism and sexism in America from slavery through women's suffrage movement.

DiasporaFeminist Theory
Angela Davis: An Autobiography
1974
Angela Davis

Davis's account of her life, FBI most wanted status, imprisonment, and political activism.

DiasporaAutobiography
Are Prisons Obsolete?
2003
Angela Davis

Argument for prison abolition and analysis of prison-industrial complex.

DiasporaPolitical Philosophy
Freedom Is a Constant Struggle
2016
Angela Davis

Collection of essays connecting Ferguson, Palestine, and global freedom struggles.

DiasporaEssay
Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment
1990
Patricia Hill Collins

Systematic analysis of Black feminist thought and the 'matrix of domination'.

DiasporaFeminist Theory
Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex
1989
Kimberlé Crenshaw

Landmark essay coining 'intersectionality' to describe how Black women face compounded discrimination.

DiasporaLegal Theory
Lose Your Mother: A Journey Along the Atlantic Slave Route
2007
Saidiya Hartman

Hartman's journey to Ghana tracing the slave route and grappling with African-American identity.

DiasporaMemoir
Wayward Lives, Beautiful Experiments
2019
Saidiya Hartman

Intimate histories of Black women in early 20th century Philadelphia and New York, using 'critical fabulation'.

DiasporaHistory
Scenes of Subjection: Terror, Slavery, and Self-Making
1997
Saidiya Hartman

Analysis of everyday violence of slavery and its afterlife in American society.

DiasporaHistory
The Black Woman: An Anthology
1970
Toni Cade Bambara (editor)

First major anthology of Black women's writing including Nikki Giovanni, Audre Lorde, Alice Walker.

DiasporaAnthology
The Salt Eaters
1980
Toni Cade Bambara

Novel about a Black woman's healing after suicide attempt, blending traditional and modern medicine.

DiasporaFiction
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