Back to Themes
81 works

Feminism

Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl
1861
Harriet Jacobs

Jacobs's account of her life as a slave and her escape, focusing on sexual exploitation of enslaved women.

DiasporaAutobiography
The Story of an African Farm
1883
Olive Schreiner

Set in the Karoo region of South Africa, this novel explores feminist themes, religious questioning, and the harsh realities of colonial farm life.

Southern AfricaFiction
Darkwater: Voices from Within the Veil
1920
W.E.B. Du Bois

Essays, sketches, and poems on race, gender, and labor including famous 'The Souls of White Folk'.

DiasporaEssay
Passing
1929
Nella Larsen

Two light-skinned Black women reunite, one passing as white, exploring race, identity, and desire.

DiasporaFiction
Jonah's Gourd Vine
1934
Zora Neale Hurston

Story of John Pearson, a Baptist preacher whose gifts are undermined by his weakness for women, inspired by Hurston's father.

DiasporaFiction
Annie Allen
1949
Gwendolyn Brooks

Poetry sequence following Annie Allen from childhood to womanhood in Chicago.

DiasporaPoetry
Maud Martha
1953
Gwendolyn Brooks

Novel-in-vignettes following a Black woman's ordinary life in Chicago, examining colorism and dignity.

DiasporaFiction
The Simple Past
1954
Driss Chraïbi

Driss Ferdi rebels against his overbearing father — who represents traditional Moroccan patriarchy — while navigating the world of the French colonial system. Morocco's first significant novel of psychological revolt.

North AfricaFiction
A Dying Colonialism
1959
Frantz Fanon

Analysis of Algerian revolution's social transformations including role of women and radio.

CaribbeanPolitical Philosophy
The Dilemma of a Ghost
1964
Ama Ata Aidoo

Ghana's first published play by an African woman. An African American woman marries a Ghanaian and returns with him to Africa, where she is caught between two worlds, belonging fully to neither.

West AfricaDrama
The Promised Land
1966
Grace Ogot

A Luo family migrates from Kenya to Tanzania in search of a better life, but the husband's obsession with wealth leads into a terrifying encounter with a supernatural curse, a collision of ambition, tradition, and the unknown.

East AfricaFiction
From a Crooked Rib
1970
Nuruddin Farah

The story of Ebla, a young Somali woman who flees an arranged marriage, exploring women's rights and traditional practices in Somali society.

East AfricaFiction
The Black Woman: An Anthology
1970
Toni Cade Bambara (editor)

First major anthology of Black women's writing including Nikki Giovanni, Audre Lorde, Alice Walker.

DiasporaAnthology
Idu
1970
Flora Nwapa

A story of profound conjugal love in an Igbo community. Idu loves her husband Adiewere so completely that when he dies she chooses death rather than life without him.

West AfricaFiction
The Bridge of Beyond
1972
Simone Schwarz-Bart

Four generations of women in Guadeloupe, from slavery to the mid-20th century, told through the voice of Télumée. A lyrical, feminist celebration of Black women's resilience rooted in Creole culture.

CaribbeanFiction
Sula
1973
Toni Morrison

The story of two Black women friends in Ohio whose lives take vastly different paths, exploring good and evil, community, and independence.

DiasporaFiction
Ego Tripping and Other Poems for Young People
1973
Nikki Giovanni

Poetry for young readers including the iconic 'Ego Tripping' celebrating Black women's power.

DiasporaPoetry
God Dies by the Nile
1974
Nawal El Saadawi

In an Egyptian village ruled by a corrupt mayor and pious hypocrisy, a peasant family's daughters are exploited and destroyed. El Saadawi's scathing indictment of patriarchy, class, and religious complicity.

North AfricaFiction
Second-Class Citizen
1974
Buchi Emecheta

Adah follows her husband to London only to find exploitation, racism, and domestic abuse. She writes a novel; he burns it. A fierce, semi-autobiographical account of immigrant life, motherhood, and the will to survive.

DiasporaFiction
A Question of Power
1974
Bessie Head

Semi-autobiographical novel following Elizabeth, a South African exile in Botswana, through a descent into psychosis. Head navigates racism, exile, gender, and spiritual suffering with extraordinary intensity.

Southern AfricaFiction
Woman at Point Zero
1975
Nawal El Saadawi

Based on Saadawi's meeting with a female prisoner, the novel tells the story of Firdaus, an Egyptian woman condemned to death for killing a pimp, exploring themes of patriarchy and female oppression.

North AfricaFiction
Meridian
1976
Alice Walker

Novel following a civil rights worker's spiritual journey and political awakening in the 1960s South.

DiasporaFiction
For colored girls who have considered suicide / When the rainbow is enuf
1976
Ntozake Shange

Choreopoem of 20 poems performed by seven women exploring Black women's experiences with love, abandonment, and empowerment.

DiasporaDrama/Poetry
The Hidden Face of Eve: Women in the Arab World
1977
Nawal El Saadawi

A groundbreaking feminist analysis of women's oppression in Arab society, combining personal memoir with medical observations and political critique. Addresses female genital mutilation, virginity codes, prostitution, and the politics of religious law.

North AfricaNon-fiction
The Collector of Treasures
1977
Bessie Head

Thirteen short stories drawing on Botswana village life, women who endure violence, men who abdicate, and communities that hold together through traditional values and collective memory, illuminating ordinary lives with extraordinary dignity.

Southern AfricaFiction
The Hidden Face of Eve
1977
Nawal El Saadawi

El Saadawi's landmark feminist work examining female genital mutilation, sexuality, prostitution, and the oppression of Arab women through history, psychology, and personal testimony.

North AfricaNon-fiction
The Slave Girl
1977
Buchi Emecheta

Ojebeta is sold into domestic slavery by her brother in colonial Nigeria. The novel traces her servitude and eventual 'freedom' — only to be bound again by marriage. A damning portrait of women's double enslavement.

West AfricaFiction
The Black Unicorn
1978
Audre Lorde

Poetry collection drawing on African mythology and goddess traditions to explore Black womanhood.

DiasporaPoetry
Phenomenal Woman
1978
Maya Angelou

Poem celebrating Black womanhood and female confidence, rejecting conventional beauty standards.

DiasporaPoetry
The Joys of Motherhood
1979
Buchi Emecheta

The story of Nnu Ego, an Igbo woman struggling with motherhood and marriage in Lagos during the 1930s-1950s, critiquing traditional expectations of women.

West AfricaFiction
So Long a Letter
1979
Mariama Bâ

An epistolary novel written as a letter from Ramatoulaye to her friend Aissatou, exploring themes of polygamy, women's rights, and Islamic traditions in Senegal.

West AfricaFiction
The Beggars' Strike
1979
Aminata Sow Fall

When a government official drives beggars from the city streets for an international summit, they go on strike — and the city's devout Muslims can no longer fulfill their religious obligation to give alms. A sharp satire.

West AfricaFiction
Women of Algiers in Their Apartment
1980
Assia Djebar

Nine stories and an essay about Algerian women before and after independence, exploring how women were promised liberation by the revolution and then confined again. Named for Delacroix's famous painting.

North AfricaShort Stories
Ain't I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism
1981
bell hooks

Examination of sexism's impact on Black women during slavery through modern feminism's failures.

DiasporaFeminist Theory
Women, Race & Class
1981
Angela Davis

Historical analysis of racism and sexism in America from slavery through women's suffrage movement.

DiasporaFeminist Theory
Scarlet Song
1981
Mariama Bâ

Mireille, a French woman, marries the Senegalese Ousmane despite opposition from both families. When Ousmane takes an African second wife, Mireille's world collapses. A tragedy about cultural collision and betrayal.

West AfricaFiction
The Color Purple
1982
Alice Walker

Epistolary novel following Celie, a Black woman in rural Georgia, who finds her voice through relationships with other women.

DiasporaFiction
Zami: A Biomythography
1982
Audre Lorde

Lorde's 'biomythography' of growing up Black, female, and queer in 1950s New York, through her relationships with women, her political awakening, and the Caribbean inheritance of her mother.

DiasporaMemoir
In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens
1983
Alice Walker

Collection of essays introducing the term 'womanist' and exploring Black women's creativity and spirituality.

DiasporaEssay
Sister Outsider
1984
Audre Lorde

Collection of essays and speeches on racism, sexism, homophobia, and difference, including 'The Master's Tools.'

DiasporaEssay
Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center
1984
bell hooks

Critique of mainstream feminism's exclusion of women of color and working-class women.

DiasporaFeminist Theory
The Stillborn
1984
Zaynab Alkali

Li and Faku, two village girls, dream of escaping their rural lives in northern Nigeria. Li marries a man who goes to the city and is transformed by it. A quiet tragedy of aspiration and its costs.

West AfricaFiction
Fantasia: An Algerian Cavalcade
1985
Assia Djebar

Autobiographical novel weaving together the author's childhood memories with the history of French colonization of Algeria, exploring women's voices silenced by history.

North AfricaFiction
The Sand Child
1985
Tahar Ben Jelloun

A Moroccan merchant registers his eighth daughter as a son. Narrated in a Marrakech storytelling circle, the novel follows Ahmed/Zahra's journey through a life lived between genders, questioning identity, faith, and desire.

North AfricaFiction
I, Tituba, Black Witch of Salem
1986
Maryse Condé

Novel giving voice to Tituba, the enslaved woman accused of witchcraft in Salem, exploring slavery and Black womanhood.

CaribbeanFiction
I Am Becoming My Mother
1986
Lorna Goodison

Poetry collection that earned Goodison the Commonwealth Poetry Prize. Grounded in Caribbean landscape, female experience, and Jamaican vernacular, these poems celebrate womanhood across generations.

CaribbeanPoetry
Angel
1987
Merle Collins

A multigenerational story of three Grenadian women spanning the colonial era, independence, and the 1979 Grenadian Revolution. Collins, who participated in the revolution herself, writes with insider political passion and communal voice.

CaribbeanFiction
Nervous Conditions
1988
Tsitsi Dangarembga

The coming-of-age story of Tambu, a young Shona girl in 1960s-70s Rhodesia, exploring themes of colonialism, gender, and education.

Southern AfricaFiction
Thomas Sankara Speaks: The Burkina Faso Revolution 1983-87
1988
Thomas Sankara

Collection of Sankara's revolutionary speeches on anti-imperialism, women's liberation, and African unity.

West AfricaSpeech
Your Name Shall Be Tanga
1988
Calixthe Beyala

Two women share a prison cell in Cameroon — Tanga, a teenage prostitute dying of AIDS, and Anna-Claude, a French woman of Algerian origin. As Tanga tells her story, Anna-Claude assumes her identity.

Central AfricaFiction
Thomas Sankara Speaks
1988
Thomas Sankara

Collected speeches of Thomas Sankara, who renamed Upper Volta as Burkina Faso and led an extraordinary revolutionary government from 1983-1987. On women's liberation, imperialism, debt, and African dignity.

West AfricaSpeech
Talking Back: Thinking Feminist, Thinking Black
1989
bell hooks

Essays on coming to voice as Black feminist intellectual, challenging white supremacy and patriarchy.

DiasporaEssay
Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex
1989
Kimberlé Crenshaw

Landmark essay coining 'intersectionality' to describe how Black women face compounded discrimination.

DiasporaLegal Theory
Speak, Bird, Speak Again: Palestinian Arab Folktales
1989
Ibrahim Muhawi and Sharif Kanaana

A comprehensive collection of Palestinian Arab oral folk tales, collected from women storytellers across Palestine, preserving a tradition under threat of erasure.

North AfricaFolklore
Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment
1990
Patricia Hill Collins

Systematic analysis of Black feminist thought and the 'matrix of domination'.

DiasporaFeminist Theory
Women's Liberation and the African Freedom Struggle
1990
Thomas Sankara

Sankara's speeches on women's emancipation as essential to revolutionary transformation.

West AfricaSpeech
Changes: A Love Story
1991
Ama Ata Aidoo

Esi, a successful Ghanaian professional, leaves her first husband after he rapes her and enters a polygamous marriage believing it will grant more freedom, Aidoo's unsentimental exploration of love, work, and feminist possibility in contemporary Accra.

West AfricaFiction
The River and the Source
1994
Margaret Ogola

A multigenerational saga following four generations of a Luo family from pre-colonial Kenya through colonialism and independence to the AIDS crisis. Traces African women's strength across a century of change.

East AfricaFiction
Without a Name
1994
Yvonne Vera

Set during Zimbabwe's liberation war, following Mazvita who flees her burned village to the city, is raped, and makes a terrible choice about the child she carries. A spare, devastating novel about war's violence against women.

Southern AfricaFiction
So Vast the Prison
1995
Assia Djebar

Third volume of the Algerian Quartet, weaving together the story of a filmmaker's love affair and the 146 BCE destruction of Carthage, exploring how women's voices are lost to history and recovered.

North AfricaFiction
Paradise
1997
Toni Morrison

Story of an all-Black town in Oklahoma and the convent of women nearby that the town's men attack, exploring purity and exclusion.

DiasporaFiction
Purple Teardrop
1998
Goretti Kyomuhendo

A Ugandan family is torn apart by political violence, forced displacement, and the AIDS crisis. One of the earliest Ugandan novels by a woman to address the intersection of war and women's bodies.

East AfricaFiction
The Translator
1999
Leila Aboulela

Sammar, a Sudanese woman working as a translator in Aberdeen after the death of her husband, falls in love with a Scottish academic studying Islamic politics. A quiet, luminous novel about faith and belonging.

North AfricaFiction
Purple Violet of Oshaantu
2001
Neshani Andreas

Ali and Kauna are neighbors in the Namibian village of Oshaantu. When Kauna's abusive husband dies, the village is divided. A quiet, powerful examination of gender, culture, and community.

Southern AfricaFiction
Niketche: A Story of Polygamy
2002
Paulina Chiziane

Rami discovers her husband has four other wives and brings them all together, forging an unexpected sisterhood. A comic, sensual, and deeply political novel about marriage, female solidarity, and what women owe themselves.

East AfricaFiction
Everything Good Will Come
2005
Sefi Atta

Enitan and her neighbor Sheri grow up in Lagos through the 1970s-90s, their friendship shaped by Nigeria's political upheavals, military rule, and the private violences of gender, a deeply feminist coming-of-age epic.

West AfricaFiction
Tropical Fish: Tales from Entebbe
2005
Doreen Baingana

Linked stories following three sisters in Uganda — their adolescence, their encounters with HIV/AIDS, their searches for love and meaning. One of the finest debuts in East African fiction.

East AfricaShort Stories
Half of a Yellow Sun
2006
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie

Set before, during, and after the Biafran War, the novel follows several characters whose lives are impacted by the Nigerian Civil War of the 1960s.

West AfricaFiction
Unbowed: A Memoir
2006
Wangari Maathai

Maathai's memoir of founding the Green Belt Movement — which planted over 50 million trees across Africa — her years of persecution under Moi, imprisonment, and the Nobel Peace Prize she received in 2004.

East AfricaMemoir
The Secret Lives of Baba Segi's Wives
2010
Lola Shoneyin

When Baba Segi takes a fourth wife, an educated woman who upsets the household's balance, the secrets of all the wives are put at risk. A sharp, funny, feminist novel about polygamy in contemporary Nigeria.

West AfricaFiction
Confession of the Lioness
2012
Mia Couto

A lioness is killing women in a remote village. An outsider hunter and the village headman's daughter try to understand the attacks in this haunting exploration of colonial wounds and gendered violence.

Southern AfricaFiction
We Should All Be Feminists
2014
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie

Adapted from Adichie's 2012 TEDx talk, this essay defines feminism for the 21st century from an African woman's perspective — personal, specific, and unapologetic.

West AfricaEssay
What It Means When a Man Falls from the Sky
2017
Lesley Nneka Arimah

Twelve short stories blending the fantastical and the real, spanning Nigeria, diaspora, and invented futures — women who knit grief out of the bereaved, scientists who calculate human emotion, mothers and daughters across generations.

West AfricaShort Stories
An American Marriage
2018
Tayari Jones

Roy is wrongfully imprisoned shortly after his marriage to Celestial. The years of separation change both of them. A love story about mass incarceration, Black ambition, and what prison does to a people.

DiasporaFiction
My Sister, the Serial Killer
2018
Oyinkan Braithwaite

Korede is always cleaning up after her beautiful sister Ayoola, who keeps killing her boyfriends. A darkly comic thriller about sisterhood, beauty, and complicity set in contemporary Lagos.

West AfricaFiction
The Shadow King
2019
Maaza Mengiste

Historical novel about Ethiopian women who fought against Mussolini's 1935 invasion, following Hirut who rises from servant to soldier.

East AfricaFiction
Wayward Lives, Beautiful Experiments
2019
Saidiya Hartman

Intimate histories of Black women in early 20th century Philadelphia and New York, using 'critical fabulation'.

DiasporaHistory
The Deep
2019
Rivers Solomon

Novella about underwater people descended from pregnant African women thrown from slave ships.

DiasporaFiction
Girl, Woman, Other
2019
Bernardine Evaristo

Twelve characters — mostly Black British women — whose lives intersect in modern Britain. Evaristo's formally inventive prose-poetry creates a chorus of voices spanning generations and social classes.

DiasporaFiction
I Love You So Much It's Killing Them
2021
Ama Owusu

A debut poetry collection by a Ghanaian-American poet exploring inherited trauma, Blackness in America, and the body as site of racial and gendered violence.

West AfricaPoetry
The Anthill
2022
Goretti Kyomuhendo

A novel about a Ugandan woman who builds a community center as a center of resistance and solidarity, connecting generations of women across Uganda's turbulent history.

East AfricaFiction